The Time Periods of Ancient Egypt
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The Time Periods of Ancient Egypt
Ancient Kemet is divided into three main periods, The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.
It was a land of the “gods”, pyramids, engineering, astronomy, beliefs, technology, and hieroglyphics. Ancient Egypt is also referred to as Ancient Kemet.
Before we get into the deep history of Ancient Egypt, it is essential to understand its periods. Periods in Ancient Egypt are divided into three epochs: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
Pharaohs (rulers and kings), architecture, and culture are specific to each kingdom’s time. The periods between the kingdoms are the First, Second, and Third Intermediate Periods. Within the Ancient Kemet period, there were 30 Dynasties.
The first known period is Naqada III called “Dynasty 0.” Little is known about this time which is before the unification of Egypt.
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The Old Kingdom is known as the “Age of the Pyramids”.
Early Dynastic Period
The Early Dynastic Period, also known as “The Archaic Period” began after the Upper and Lower Egypt Unified. Royal and Government were created and hieroglyphic writing was developed. The first was writing on papyrus and included the First and Second Dynasties.
Old Kingdom
The Old Kingdom is known as the “Age of the Pyramids” from 2686 B.C. to 2181 B.C. The Old Kingdom includes the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th Dynasties. The first pyramid was built for the first ruler, King Djoser called “The Step Pyramid of Djoser.” The Great Pyramid of Giza and the Sphinx were also built during this time. The Sun God Ra was worshipped and mummification was first used. During the Old Kingdom, Pharaohs were buried in pyramids.
First Intermediate Period
The First Intermediate Period is known as “The Dark Period” from 2181 B.C. to 2055 B.C. This includes the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th Dynasties. Egypt simultaneously suffered political failure and environmental disasters including famine, and societal disorder.
Middle Kingdom
From approx. From 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C., The Middle Kingdom was known as the “Golden Age.” The Middle Kingdom housed the 11th and 12th Dynasties and during this period, North and South Egypt reunited. Priests gained independence and power and Pharaohs were buried in hidden tombs.
Second Intermediate Period
The Second Intermediate Period was from 1650 B.C. to 1550 B.C. and included the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th Dynasties. In north Egypt, the Hyksos tribe adopted Egyptian cultures, including names and gods. New technology and horse-drawn carriages were introduced.
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Egypt became prosperous again bringing luxury, power, and wealth.
New Kingdom
The New Kingdom was known as the “Imperial Age” during the 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties. The Hyksos people were expelled from Egypt. Hatshepsut became a royal female Pharaoh during this time. Egypt became prosperous again bringing luxury, power, and wealth. The building of pyramids came to a halt and Pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings. With the reign of Akhenaten previously known as “Amenhotep IV,” Egypt became monotheistic meaning they were ruled by one god, Aten, or “sun disk.”
Third Intermediate Period
The Third Intermediate Period was from 1070 B.C. to 664 B.C. with the 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, and 25th Dynasties and pyramid building resumed.
Late Period
The Late Period was from 712 B.C. to 323 B.C. with the 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th Dynasties. Ancient Kemet saw a revival of architecture, customs, and art.
Ptolemaic Period
The Ptolemaic Period was from 332 B.C. to 30 B.C. known as the “Hellenistic (Greek) Kingdom.” Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt.
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